Acne

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that affects most people during some time in their lives.  Adolescent acne usually begins prior to the onset of puberty but acne is not limited to adolescents.   About 5% of men and women 25 years and older still have acne.

Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by comedones, papules, pastules, and nodules which usually occurs in areas with the densest population of hair follicles, including the face, the upper part of the chest, and the back.  Acne may cause physical pain, permanent scarring, and emotional distress.  Very severe cases of acne (acne fulminans) can be associated with fever, arthritis and other systemic symptoms.

The exact cause of acne is not known.  Key features of acne lesions include follicular epidermal hyperproliferation with subsequent plugging of the hair follicle, changes in skin lipid composition, excess sebum production, and the presence of the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes.

Acne can be triggered by a variety of factors including hormonal changes (e.g. increase in androgens during puberty), family predisposition, exposure to certain medications, chemicals or cosmetic agents, or by repeated, localized friction.  Contrary to common misconceptions, acne is not caused by poor hygiene, diet or stress.

Additional information on acne can be found at American Academy of Dermatology (www.aad.org).